fatal error: linux/perf_event.h: No such file or directory

Try installing the package linux-libc-dev, maybe that helps.

i have installed linux-libc-dev,but it also has the problem

Please provide more information:
Details about your operating system version, which version of ffmpeg are you trying to build, which command(s) are you using for that, ...
Why do you try compiling ffmpeg yourself? There are ready-built packages available in the Ubuntu repositories.
And if you need a newer version than the one in the standard repositories, you might find such version in a ppa, e.g. ppa:jonathonf/ffmpeg-3

i want to compile ffmpeg to use in android device.the version of ffmpeg is 3.4.1 which i am trying to build.i compile 3.3.4 version of ffmpeg and it work,only 3.4.1 doesnt work

Please provide the output of the following commands:

uname -a
lsb_release -crid
dpkg -l | grep -i ffmpeg

Linux ubuntu 4.10.0-28-generic #32~16.04.2-Ubuntu SMP Thu Jul 20 10:19:48 UTC 2017 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description: Ubuntu 16.04.3 LTS
Release: 16.04
Codename: xenial
dpkg not work，i download the souce code，instead of apt-get

If dpkg is not working on your system, that your systems seems to be misconfigured in a way that we cannot help.